AI is gaining ground in dentistry: “Responsible for evaluating and validating to ensure reliability”

A new international study with participation from Aarhus University provides new insight into how patients relate to the use of artificial intelligence in dentistry. AI is generally seen as a useful aid in diagnostics, but patients still want a human to have the final say.

“Dentists and dental technicians have been asked what they think about the use of AI – but if it is to be implemented successfully, it is crucial to also listen to patients,” says Associate Professor Ruben Pauwels from the Department of Dentistry and Oral Health on the Aarhus University website.

The study specifically explores patients’ attitudes towards the use of AI for analyzing X-ray and scan images, an area where the technology is already gaining traction in dental clinics around the world. Most participants see the technology as a tool that can improve accuracy and efficiency, but at the same time they raise concerns about data security and whether AI could lead to higher costs for dental visits.

We don’t trust technology unconditionally

A key takeaway from the study is that the vast majority of patients insist that AI should not be used without human control. The technology should support, but not replace, the professional judgment of a dentist.

The study covers six countries and reveals significant cultural differences. For example, participants from Brazil are more open to AI taking over the role of the dentist in some cases. According to the researchers, this may be linked to dissatisfaction with the Brazilian healthcare system and long waiting times.

“Our results also show how important it is to communicate clearly about when and how we use AI and actively seek out learning opportunities – both for professionals and patients – so they understand what AI can and cannot do. And finally, we have a responsibility to continuously evaluate and validate AI systems to ensure their reliability and effectiveness in clinical practice,” says Ruben Pauwels from Aarhus University.

Aarhus University is already preparing for technological developments. From 2026, AI will be part of the dental school curriculum, and researchers are developing new communication tools to make it easier for clinics to explain to patients what AI is used for in dentistry.

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